Thesis Outline

1. Introduction

   • Thesis statement:

     Invisible interfaces can be used to create effective peer-to-peer learning in an online environment by facilitating “learning by doing” while also building social interaction.

   • Problem: Effectively creating peer-to-peer learning in an online environment.
     • Characteristic of effective peer-to-peer learningin conventional environments
     • Problems of current online implementations
   • Solution
     • Why peer-to-peer learning works
     • Murrad & Leppard’s theories on peer-to-peer learning
     • Johnson & Johnson approach to peer-to-peer online-learning
     • Advantages of combining Murrad and Johnson’s approaches.
   • Project introduction (overview)
     • Definition of peer-to-peer learning
     • Describe how peer-to-peer learning works

2. History of peer-to-peer learning

   • Piaget Views
   • Vygotsky Views
   • Bruner Views
   • Rogoff Views

3. Current trends

   • Peer-to-peer Education
   • Peer-to-peer Monitoring
   • Peer-to-peer Assestment
   • Invisible interface design: definition and usability in peer-to-peer learning
   • The roal of social interaction in peer-to-peer learning

4. Project description (details)

   • How a combination of peer-to-peer education, monitoring and assestment can help establish efficient peer-to-peer learning
   • Invisible interfaces & peer-to-peer learning, implementation to fit this approach.
   • Build collaborative knowing knowledge building or knowledge creation.
   • Learners need to be able to think creatively, solve problems, and make decisions as a team.
   • Keys to effective Learning effective in Online Learning Environments based on Leppard’s theories
     • Encourage Participation
     • Maintaining Social Grounding
     • Support Active Learning Conversation
     • Support Promotive Interaction

5. Reception of your project

   • Feedback.
   • Areas of improvement (if any)

6. Conclusion

   • Verify that hte goals have been achieved.
   • Verify implementeation of Johnson & Johnson Approach
   • Verify implementation of keys to efficient online peer-to-peer applications

7. Quotes

   • “The students are responsible for one another’s learning as well as their own. The shared learning gives students an opportunity to engage in discussion, take responsibility for their own learning, and thus become critical thinkers” (Totten, Sills, Digby, & Russ, 1991).
   • “Robert Bandura in the late 1970s articulated the concept of social learning theory as a method by which individuals learn from one another in the context of a social situation through observation. Social learning theory is based on the premise that observation and imitation lead to learned behavior. Research in this area indicates that, indeed, human social model scan be effective in influencing another person to change behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes, as well as social and cognitive functioning”(Theories Behind Gamification, Kapp).
   • “Another method of looking at motivating learners was proposed by Mark Lepper, a researcher from Stanford University, who proposed a series of design principles for promoting intrinsic motivation in instructional activities to avoid having to rely on extrinsic motivational techniques”(Theories Behind Gamification, Kapp).
   • “A cognitive apprenticeship supports learning in a domain by enabling students to acquire, develop, and use cognitive tools in an authentic activity”(Theories Behind Gamification, Kapp).
   • “Games can better appeal to the human need for social interaction when players have a stronger sense of one another’s presence”(Common Motivation, Ferrera).

Bibliography

Dillenbourg P. (1999) What do you mean by collaborative learning?. In P. Dillenbourg (Ed) Collaborative-learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. (pp.1-19). Oxford: Elsevier

Ferrera, John. Playful Design. Rosenfeld Media. May 16,2012.

Kapp, Karl. The Gamification of Learning and Instruction:

Game-based Methods and Strategies for Training and Education. Pfeiffer. May 1,2012.

Sanders, Mark. “Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking.” Journal of Technology Education 7.1 (1995): n. pag. Virgina Tech Digital Library and Articles. Web. 22 Aug. 2012.

Schlossberg, Edwin. Interactive Excellence: Defining and Developing New Standards for the Twenty-first Century.Ballantine Books, 1998.

Stewart, Ehly, and Keith Topping. Peer-assisted Learning. London: LEA, 2009. Print.

Rogers Yvonne, Sharp Helen, Preece Jenny. INTERACTION DESIGN: beyond human-computer interaction. John Wiley & Sons. Jun. 21,2011.

Yang, S. J. H. (2006). Context Aware Ubiquitous Learning Environments for Peer-to-Peer Collaborative Learning. Educational Technology & Society, 9 (1), 188-201.